Uterine fibroids are noncancerous growths that develop in or on the uterus. They’re one of the most common reproductive health conditions, affecting up to 70–80% of women by age 50. While some women may never know they have them, others experience symptoms like heavy bleeding, pelvic pain, or frequent urination.
One of the most common and reliable ways to detect fibroids is through ultrasound imaging. If your doctor suspects you have fibroids, an ultrasound is often the first step in confirming the diagnosis.
What Is an Ultrasound for Fibroids?
An ultrasound is a safe, painless imaging test that uses sound waves to create pictures of your uterus. It helps doctors see the size, number, and location of fibroids on ultrasound. Ultrasound doesn’t use radiation, making it a preferred first-line diagnostic tool.
There are two main types:
- Transabdominal Ultrasound – The ultrasound probe is placed on your lower abdomen, moving over a layer of gel to get images of the uterus.
- Transvaginal Ultrasound – A specially designed probe is inserted into the vagina for a closer, more detailed view of the uterus and fibroids.
Why Ultrasound Is Used to Detect Fibroids
Ultrasound helps doctors:
- Confirm whether your symptoms are due to fibroids or another condition.
- Measure the size of each fibroid.
- Identify the fibroid’s location (inside the uterine wall, in the cavity, or on the surface).
- Track growth over time if monitoring is recommended.
It’s also quick — most exams take only 15–30 minutes — and widely available in gynecology and imaging centers.
What Fibroids Look Like on Ultrasound
On an ultrasound image, fibroids often appear as solid masses with a different texture than the surrounding uterine tissue. Depending on their type and density, they may appear brighter or darker on the screen. Larger fibroids can distort the shape of the uterus, which the ultrasound will clearly show.
Preparing for Your Ultrasound
Your preparation depends on the type of ultrasound:
- For a transabdominal ultrasound: You may be asked to drink water before the exam to fill your bladder, which helps improve image clarity.
- For a transvaginal ultrasound: You’ll likely be asked to empty your bladder for comfort.
Wear comfortable clothing and follow any instructions your provider gives you before the test.
After the Ultrasound: Understanding Your Results
Once the ultrasound is complete, your doctor will review the images and discuss the findings. This includes:
- How many fibroids were found
- Their size and location
- Whether treatment might be needed based on your symptoms and goals
If you’re not experiencing symptoms, your doctor may recommend watchful waiting. If you do have symptoms, options like Uterine Fibroid Embolization (UFE), medication, or surgery may be discussed.
When to See a Doctor
Schedule an appointment if you have:
- Heavy or prolonged periods
- Pelvic pain or pressure
- Frequent urination
- Trouble getting pregnant
Early diagnosis can help you explore treatment options before fibroids grow larger or symptoms worsen.
Bottom line: Ultrasound is a safe, effective way to detect uterine fibroids and guide your treatment plan. If you suspect you might have fibroids, talking to a fibroid specialist is the best next step toward relief.
